Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East
Identifieur interne : 000480 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000479; suivant : 000481Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East
Auteurs : Ahmed Kandeil [Égypte] ; Mokhtar Gomaa [Égypte] ; Ahmed Nageh [Égypte] ; Mahmoud M. Shehata [Égypte] ; Ahmed E. Kayed [Égypte] ; Jamal S. M. Sabir [Arabie saoudite] ; Awatef Abiadh [Tunisie] ; Jamel Jrijer [Tunisie] ; Zuhair Amr [Jordanie] ; Mounir Abi Said [Liban] ; Denis K. Byarugaba [Ouganda] ; Fred Wabwire-Mangen [Ouganda] ; Titus Tugume [Ouganda] ; Nadira S. Mohamed [Iraq] ; Roba Attar [Arabie saoudite] ; Sabah M. Hassan [Arabie saoudite, Égypte] ; Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi [Arabie saoudite] ; Yassmin Moatassim [Égypte] ; Omnia Kutkat [Égypte] ; Sara Mahmoud [Égypte] ; Ola Bagato [Égypte] ; Noura M. Abo Shama [Égypte] ; Rabeh El-Shesheny [Égypte, États-Unis] ; Ahmed Mostafa [Égypte] ; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera [République populaire de Chine] ; Daniel K. W. Chu [République populaire de Chine] ; Nagla Hassan [Égypte] ; Basma Elsokary [Égypte] ; Ahmed Saad [Égypte] ; Heba Sobhy [Égypte] ; Ihab El Masry [Égypte] ; Pamela P. Mckenzie [États-Unis] ; Richard J. Webby [États-Unis] ; Malik Peiris [République populaire de Chine] ; Yilma J. Makonnen [Égypte] ; Mohamed A. Ali [Égypte, Arabie saoudite] ; Ghazi Kayali [Liban, États-Unis]Source :
- Viruses [ 1999-4915 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/v11080717
PubMed: 31387326
PubMed Central: 6723520
Affiliations:
- Arabie saoudite, Iraq, Jordanie, Liban, Ouganda, République populaire de Chine, Tunisie, Égypte, États-Unis
- Tennessee, Texas
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Byarugaba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" sort="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" uniqKey="Wabwire Mangen F" first="Fred" last="Wabwire-Mangen">Fred Wabwire-Mangen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tugume, Titus" sort="Tugume, Titus" uniqKey="Tugume T" first="Titus" last="Tugume">Titus Tugume</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Nadira S" sort="Mohamed, Nadira S" uniqKey="Mohamed N" first="Nadira S." last="Mohamed">Nadira S. Mohamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8-viruses-11-00717">Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072, Iraq</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iraq</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Baghdad 10072</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Attar, Roba" sort="Attar, Roba" uniqKey="Attar R" first="Roba" last="Attar">Roba Attar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9-viruses-11-00717">Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Sabah M" sort="Hassan, Sabah M" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Sabah M." last="Hassan">Sabah M. Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9-viruses-11-00717">Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10-viruses-11-00717">Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 22252</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11-viruses-11-00717">Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairo 11241</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" sort="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" uniqKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi S" first="Sabah" last="Abdulaziz Linjawi">Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af12-viruses-11-00717">King Fahad Medical Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>King Fahad Medical Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moatassim, Yassmin" sort="Moatassim, Yassmin" uniqKey="Moatassim Y" first="Yassmin" last="Moatassim">Yassmin Moatassim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutkat, Omnia" sort="Kutkat, Omnia" uniqKey="Kutkat O" first="Omnia" last="Kutkat">Omnia Kutkat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Sara" sort="Mahmoud, Sara" uniqKey="Mahmoud S" first="Sara" last="Mahmoud">Sara Mahmoud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bagato, Ola" sort="Bagato, Ola" uniqKey="Bagato O" first="Ola" last="Bagato">Ola Bagato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abo Shama, Noura M" sort="Abo Shama, Noura M" uniqKey="Abo Shama N" first="Noura M." last="Abo Shama">Noura M. Abo Shama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Shesheny, Rabeh" sort="El Shesheny, Rabeh" uniqKey="El Shesheny R" first="Rabeh" last="El-Shesheny">Rabeh El-Shesheny</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" sort="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" uniqKey="A P M Perera R" first="Ranawaka" last="A. P. M. Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K W Chu, Daniel" sort="K W Chu, Daniel" uniqKey="K W Chu D" first="Daniel" last="K. W. Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Nagla" sort="Hassan, Nagla" uniqKey="Hassan N" first="Nagla" last="Hassan">Nagla Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15-viruses-11-00717">General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12618</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elsokary, Basma" sort="Elsokary, Basma" uniqKey="Elsokary B" first="Basma" last="Elsokary">Basma Elsokary</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15-viruses-11-00717">General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12618</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Ahmed" sort="Saad, Ahmed" uniqKey="Saad A" first="Ahmed" last="Saad">Ahmed Saad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16-viruses-11-00717">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sobhy, Heba" sort="Sobhy, Heba" uniqKey="Sobhy H" first="Heba" last="Sobhy">Heba Sobhy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16-viruses-11-00717">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Masry, Ihab" sort="El Masry, Ihab" uniqKey="El Masry I" first="Ihab" last="El Masry">Ihab El Masry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17-viruses-11-00717">Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Mckenzie, Pamela" sort="P Mckenzie, Pamela" uniqKey="P Mckenzie P" first="Pamela" last="P. Mckenzie">Pamela P. Mckenzie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Webby, Richard" sort="J Webby, Richard" uniqKey="J Webby R" first="Richard" last="J. Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Makonnen, Yilma" sort="J Makonnen, Yilma" uniqKey="J Makonnen Y" first="Yilma" last="J. Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17-viruses-11-00717">Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="A Ali, Mohamed" sort="A Ali, Mohamed" uniqKey="A Ali M" first="Mohamed" last="A. Ali">Mohamed A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00717">Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00717">Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18-viruses-11-00717">Human Link, Hazmieh 1109, Lebanon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Link, Hazmieh 1109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hazmieh 1109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af19-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31387326</idno><idno type="pmc">6723520</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723520</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6723520</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/v11080717</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001221</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001221</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001221</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001221</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000244</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000244</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:31387326</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000460</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000460</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000460</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000460</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000479</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000479</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000483</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000480</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000480</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East</title><author><name sortKey="Kandeil, Ahmed" sort="Kandeil, Ahmed" uniqKey="Kandeil A" first="Ahmed" last="Kandeil">Ahmed Kandeil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gomaa, Mokhtar" sort="Gomaa, Mokhtar" uniqKey="Gomaa M" first="Mokhtar" last="Gomaa">Mokhtar Gomaa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nageh, Ahmed" sort="Nageh, Ahmed" uniqKey="Nageh A" first="Ahmed" last="Nageh">Ahmed Nageh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shehata, Mahmoud M" sort="Shehata, Mahmoud M" uniqKey="Shehata M" first="Mahmoud M." last="Shehata">Mahmoud M. Shehata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayed, Ahmed E" sort="Kayed, Ahmed E" uniqKey="Kayed A" first="Ahmed E." last="Kayed">Ahmed E. Kayed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabir, Jamal S M" sort="Sabir, Jamal S M" uniqKey="Sabir J" first="Jamal S. M." last="Sabir">Jamal S. M. Sabir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00717">Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00717">Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abiadh, Awatef" sort="Abiadh, Awatef" uniqKey="Abiadh A" first="Awatef" last="Abiadh">Awatef Abiadh</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00717">Nature Link, Sfax 3000, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Nature Link, Sfax 3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sfax 3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jrijer, Jamel" sort="Jrijer, Jamel" uniqKey="Jrijer J" first="Jamel" last="Jrijer">Jamel Jrijer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-viruses-11-00717">Nature Link, Sfax 3000, Tunisia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tunisie</country><wicri:regionArea>Nature Link, Sfax 3000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sfax 3000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amr, Zuhair" sort="Amr, Zuhair" uniqKey="Amr Z" first="Zuhair" last="Amr">Zuhair Amr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-viruses-11-00717">Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Jordanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Irbid 22110</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abi Said, Mounir" sort="Abi Said, Mounir" uniqKey="Abi Said M" first="Mounir" last="Abi Said">Mounir Abi Said</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6-viruses-11-00717">Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar 90656, Lebanon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Al Fanar 90656</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Al Fanar 90656</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Byarugaba, Denis K" sort="Byarugaba, Denis K" uniqKey="Byarugaba D" first="Denis K." last="Byarugaba">Denis K. Byarugaba</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" sort="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" uniqKey="Wabwire Mangen F" first="Fred" last="Wabwire-Mangen">Fred Wabwire-Mangen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tugume, Titus" sort="Tugume, Titus" uniqKey="Tugume T" first="Titus" last="Tugume">Titus Tugume</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala 7062</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kampala 7062</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Nadira S" sort="Mohamed, Nadira S" uniqKey="Mohamed N" first="Nadira S." last="Mohamed">Nadira S. Mohamed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8-viruses-11-00717">Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072, Iraq</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iraq</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genebank and Genetic Sequence, Forensic DNA Research and Training Center, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10072</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Baghdad 10072</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Attar, Roba" sort="Attar, Roba" uniqKey="Attar R" first="Roba" last="Attar">Roba Attar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9-viruses-11-00717">Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Sabah M" sort="Hassan, Sabah M" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Sabah M." last="Hassan">Sabah M. Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9-viruses-11-00717">Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10-viruses-11-00717">Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Princess Doctor Najla Saud Al-Saud Distinguished Research Center for Biotechnology, Jeddah 22252</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 22252</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11-viruses-11-00717">Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairo 11241</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" sort="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" uniqKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi S" first="Sabah" last="Abdulaziz Linjawi">Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af12-viruses-11-00717">King Fahad Medical Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>King Fahad Medical Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moatassim, Yassmin" sort="Moatassim, Yassmin" uniqKey="Moatassim Y" first="Yassmin" last="Moatassim">Yassmin Moatassim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kutkat, Omnia" sort="Kutkat, Omnia" uniqKey="Kutkat O" first="Omnia" last="Kutkat">Omnia Kutkat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Sara" sort="Mahmoud, Sara" uniqKey="Mahmoud S" first="Sara" last="Mahmoud">Sara Mahmoud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bagato, Ola" sort="Bagato, Ola" uniqKey="Bagato O" first="Ola" last="Bagato">Ola Bagato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abo Shama, Noura M" sort="Abo Shama, Noura M" uniqKey="Abo Shama N" first="Noura M." last="Abo Shama">Noura M. Abo Shama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Shesheny, Rabeh" sort="El Shesheny, Rabeh" uniqKey="El Shesheny R" first="Rabeh" last="El-Shesheny">Rabeh El-Shesheny</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" sort="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" uniqKey="A P M Perera R" first="Ranawaka" last="A. P. M. Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="K W Chu, Daniel" sort="K W Chu, Daniel" uniqKey="K W Chu D" first="Daniel" last="K. W. Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Nagla" sort="Hassan, Nagla" uniqKey="Hassan N" first="Nagla" last="Hassan">Nagla Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15-viruses-11-00717">General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12618</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elsokary, Basma" sort="Elsokary, Basma" uniqKey="Elsokary B" first="Basma" last="Elsokary">Basma Elsokary</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15-viruses-11-00717">General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>General Organizations of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Nadi Saed St. 1, Dokki, Giza 12618</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12618</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Ahmed" sort="Saad, Ahmed" uniqKey="Saad A" first="Ahmed" last="Saad">Ahmed Saad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16-viruses-11-00717">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sobhy, Heba" sort="Sobhy, Heba" uniqKey="Sobhy H" first="Heba" last="Sobhy">Heba Sobhy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16-viruses-11-00717">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Emergency Center for Transboundary, Animal Diseases, Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="El Masry, Ihab" sort="El Masry, Ihab" uniqKey="El Masry I" first="Ihab" last="El Masry">Ihab El Masry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17-viruses-11-00717">Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Mckenzie, Pamela" sort="P Mckenzie, Pamela" uniqKey="P Mckenzie P" first="Pamela" last="P. Mckenzie">Pamela P. Mckenzie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Webby, Richard" sort="J Webby, Richard" uniqKey="J Webby R" first="Richard" last="J. Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af13-viruses-11-00717">St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14-viruses-11-00717">School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Rd, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Makonnen, Yilma" sort="J Makonnen, Yilma" uniqKey="J Makonnen Y" first="Yilma" last="J. Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17-viruses-11-00717">Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Services (AGAH), Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Dokki, Giza 12611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="A Ali, Mohamed" sort="A Ali, Mohamed" uniqKey="A Ali M" first="Mohamed" last="A. Ali">Mohamed A. Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-viruses-11-00717">Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Giza 12622</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-viruses-11-00717">Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-viruses-11-00717">Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jeddah 80203</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18-viruses-11-00717">Human Link, Hazmieh 1109, Lebanon</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Liban</country><wicri:regionArea>Human Link, Hazmieh 1109</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hazmieh 1109</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af19-viruses-11-00717">Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Viruses</title><idno type="eISSN">1999-4915</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, A M" uniqKey="Zaki A">A.M. Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S. van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, T M" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">T.M. Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A.D. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R.A. Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alagaili, A N" uniqKey="Alagaili A">A.N. 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Gomaa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, M A" uniqKey="Ali M">M.A. Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kayali, G" uniqKey="Kayali G">G. Kayali</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wernery, U" uniqKey="Wernery U">U. Wernery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, V M" uniqKey="Corman V">V.M. Corman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, E Y" uniqKey="Wong E">E.Y. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsang, A K" uniqKey="Tsang A">A.K. Tsang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, D" uniqKey="Muth D">D. Muth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lau, S K" uniqKey="Lau S">S.K. Lau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khazanehdari, K" uniqKey="Khazanehdari K">K. Khazanehdari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zirkel, F" uniqKey="Zirkel F">F. Zirkel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, M" uniqKey="Ali M">M. Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagy, P" uniqKey="Nagy P">P. Nagy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Iraq</li><li>Jordanie</li><li>Liban</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Tunisie</li><li>Égypte</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Tennessee</li><li>Texas</li></region></list><tree><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kandeil, Ahmed" sort="Kandeil, Ahmed" uniqKey="Kandeil A" first="Ahmed" last="Kandeil">Ahmed Kandeil</name></noRegion><name sortKey="A Ali, Mohamed" sort="A Ali, Mohamed" uniqKey="A Ali M" first="Mohamed" last="A. Ali">Mohamed A. Ali</name><name sortKey="Abo Shama, Noura M" sort="Abo Shama, Noura M" uniqKey="Abo Shama N" first="Noura M." last="Abo Shama">Noura M. Abo Shama</name><name sortKey="Bagato, Ola" sort="Bagato, Ola" uniqKey="Bagato O" first="Ola" last="Bagato">Ola Bagato</name><name sortKey="El Masry, Ihab" sort="El Masry, Ihab" uniqKey="El Masry I" first="Ihab" last="El Masry">Ihab El Masry</name><name sortKey="El Shesheny, Rabeh" sort="El Shesheny, Rabeh" uniqKey="El Shesheny R" first="Rabeh" last="El-Shesheny">Rabeh El-Shesheny</name><name sortKey="Elsokary, Basma" sort="Elsokary, Basma" uniqKey="Elsokary B" first="Basma" last="Elsokary">Basma Elsokary</name><name sortKey="Gomaa, Mokhtar" sort="Gomaa, Mokhtar" uniqKey="Gomaa M" first="Mokhtar" last="Gomaa">Mokhtar Gomaa</name><name sortKey="Hassan, Nagla" sort="Hassan, Nagla" uniqKey="Hassan N" first="Nagla" last="Hassan">Nagla Hassan</name><name sortKey="Hassan, Sabah M" sort="Hassan, Sabah M" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Sabah M." last="Hassan">Sabah M. Hassan</name><name sortKey="J Makonnen, Yilma" sort="J Makonnen, Yilma" uniqKey="J Makonnen Y" first="Yilma" last="J. Makonnen">Yilma J. Makonnen</name><name sortKey="Kayed, Ahmed E" sort="Kayed, Ahmed E" uniqKey="Kayed A" first="Ahmed E." last="Kayed">Ahmed E. Kayed</name><name sortKey="Kutkat, Omnia" sort="Kutkat, Omnia" uniqKey="Kutkat O" first="Omnia" last="Kutkat">Omnia Kutkat</name><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Sara" sort="Mahmoud, Sara" uniqKey="Mahmoud S" first="Sara" last="Mahmoud">Sara Mahmoud</name><name sortKey="Moatassim, Yassmin" sort="Moatassim, Yassmin" uniqKey="Moatassim Y" first="Yassmin" last="Moatassim">Yassmin Moatassim</name><name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name><name sortKey="Nageh, Ahmed" sort="Nageh, Ahmed" uniqKey="Nageh A" first="Ahmed" last="Nageh">Ahmed Nageh</name><name sortKey="Saad, Ahmed" sort="Saad, Ahmed" uniqKey="Saad A" first="Ahmed" last="Saad">Ahmed Saad</name><name sortKey="Shehata, Mahmoud M" sort="Shehata, Mahmoud M" uniqKey="Shehata M" first="Mahmoud M." last="Shehata">Mahmoud M. Shehata</name><name sortKey="Sobhy, Heba" sort="Sobhy, Heba" uniqKey="Sobhy H" first="Heba" last="Sobhy">Heba Sobhy</name></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sabir, Jamal S M" sort="Sabir, Jamal S M" uniqKey="Sabir J" first="Jamal S. M." last="Sabir">Jamal S. M. Sabir</name></noRegion><name sortKey="A Ali, Mohamed" sort="A Ali, Mohamed" uniqKey="A Ali M" first="Mohamed" last="A. Ali">Mohamed A. Ali</name><name sortKey="A Ali, Mohamed" sort="A Ali, Mohamed" uniqKey="A Ali M" first="Mohamed" last="A. Ali">Mohamed A. Ali</name><name sortKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" sort="Abdulaziz Linjawi, Sabah" uniqKey="Abdulaziz Linjawi S" first="Sabah" last="Abdulaziz Linjawi">Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi</name><name sortKey="Attar, Roba" sort="Attar, Roba" uniqKey="Attar R" first="Roba" last="Attar">Roba Attar</name><name sortKey="Hassan, Sabah M" sort="Hassan, Sabah M" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Sabah M." last="Hassan">Sabah M. Hassan</name><name sortKey="Hassan, Sabah M" sort="Hassan, Sabah M" uniqKey="Hassan S" first="Sabah M." last="Hassan">Sabah M. Hassan</name><name sortKey="Sabir, Jamal S M" sort="Sabir, Jamal S M" uniqKey="Sabir J" first="Jamal S. M." last="Sabir">Jamal S. M. Sabir</name></country><country name="Tunisie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abiadh, Awatef" sort="Abiadh, Awatef" uniqKey="Abiadh A" first="Awatef" last="Abiadh">Awatef Abiadh</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Jrijer, Jamel" sort="Jrijer, Jamel" uniqKey="Jrijer J" first="Jamel" last="Jrijer">Jamel Jrijer</name></country><country name="Jordanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Amr, Zuhair" sort="Amr, Zuhair" uniqKey="Amr Z" first="Zuhair" last="Amr">Zuhair Amr</name></noRegion></country><country name="Liban"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abi Said, Mounir" sort="Abi Said, Mounir" uniqKey="Abi Said M" first="Mounir" last="Abi Said">Mounir Abi Said</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Byarugaba, Denis K" sort="Byarugaba, Denis K" uniqKey="Byarugaba D" first="Denis K." last="Byarugaba">Denis K. Byarugaba</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tugume, Titus" sort="Tugume, Titus" uniqKey="Tugume T" first="Titus" last="Tugume">Titus Tugume</name><name sortKey="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" sort="Wabwire Mangen, Fred" uniqKey="Wabwire Mangen F" first="Fred" last="Wabwire-Mangen">Fred Wabwire-Mangen</name></country><country name="Iraq"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mohamed, Nadira S" sort="Mohamed, Nadira S" uniqKey="Mohamed N" first="Nadira S." last="Mohamed">Nadira S. Mohamed</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Tennessee"><name sortKey="El Shesheny, Rabeh" sort="El Shesheny, Rabeh" uniqKey="El Shesheny R" first="Rabeh" last="El-Shesheny">Rabeh El-Shesheny</name></region><name sortKey="J Webby, Richard" sort="J Webby, Richard" uniqKey="J Webby R" first="Richard" last="J. Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><name sortKey="Kayali, Ghazi" sort="Kayali, Ghazi" uniqKey="Kayali G" first="Ghazi" last="Kayali">Ghazi Kayali</name><name sortKey="P Mckenzie, Pamela" sort="P Mckenzie, Pamela" uniqKey="P Mckenzie P" first="Pamela" last="P. Mckenzie">Pamela P. Mckenzie</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" sort="A P M Perera, Ranawaka" uniqKey="A P M Perera R" first="Ranawaka" last="A. P. M. Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name></noRegion><name sortKey="K W Chu, Daniel" sort="K W Chu, Daniel" uniqKey="K W Chu D" first="Daniel" last="K. W. Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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